What is the most common form of cyclodextrin used in pharmaceuticals?

What is the most common form of cyclodextrin used in pharmaceuticals?

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic (α-1,4)-linked oligosaccharides of α-d-glucopyranose [1]. The most common forms of CDs are α-, β-, and γ-CDs. They are made up of six, seven, and eight α-d-glucopyranose units, respectively (Fig. 5.1) [2,3].

What are the types of cyclodextrins?

In nature, cyclodextrins are available in three different forms α, β, and γ based on the number of number of glucose monomers. The number of glucose monomers in α, β, and γ cyclodextrin is 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Cyclodextrins have a lipophilic central core with hydrophilic outer surfaces.

Why cyclodextrin is used in drug delivery?

In the pharmaceutical industry cyclodextrins have mainly been used as complexing agents to increase aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs, and to increase their bioavailability and stability.

Which type of cyclodextrin are safe for drug delivery by the US FDA?

Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin are all generally recognized as safe by the U.S. FDA. They have been applied for delivery of a variety of drugs, including hydrocortisone, prostaglandin, nitroglycerin, itraconazol, chloramphenicol. The cyclodextrin confers solubility and stability to these drugs.

What is 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin used for?

2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is a chemically modified derivative of β-cyclodextrin that exhibits an enhanced safety profile compared with its naturally occurring parent compound (4). HP-β-CD is used as an excipient for cardiac dysrhythmia, inflammation, and fungal disease medications (6).

How is cyclodextrin administered?

When administered orally, cyclodextrins are not absorbed from gastrointestinal tract and thus are practically nontoxic. This is due to their bulky and hydrophilic nature. Any absorption, if it occurs, is by passive diffusion.

Is beta cyclodextrin safe?

Most of the hydrophilic derivatives of natural cyclodextrins like 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and sulphobutylether-β-cyclodextrin are considered safe for parenteral administration. Higher dose of cyclodextrins may be harmful.

What is a brand name for cyclodextrin?

WACKER is the only company in the world to produce all three naturally occurring cyclodextrins, marketing them under the trade names CAVAMAX® W6 (α-cyclodextrin), W7 (β-cyclodextrin) and W8 (γ-cyclodextrin).

Can We fabricate supramolecular systems based on cyclodextrin materials?

There has been increasing interest recently to fabricate supramolecular systems for drug and gene delivery based on cyclodextrin materials. This review focuses on state of the art and recent advances in the construction of cyclodextrin-based assemblies and their applications for controlled drug delivery.

What are cyclodextrins?

Cyclodextrins (CDs), a family of macrocyclic oligosaccharides linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds, have been extensively studied in diverse fields since their discovery by Villiers in 1891 [1-10]. Among them, α-, β-, and γ-CDs are the most common members, which are composed of 6, 7, and 8 glucose units, respectively.

How many glucose units are in a cyclodextrin?

Introduction Cyclodextrins (CDs), a family of macrocyclic oligosaccharides linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds, have been extensively studied in diverse fields since their discovery by Villiers in 1891 [1-10]. Among them, α-, β-, and γ-CDs are the most common members, which are composed of 6, 7, and 8 glucose units, respectively.

Are nanoscaled supramolecular systems the future carriers of drug and gene delivery?

Nanoscaled supramolecular systems have been considered to be the most promising carriers for drug and gene delivery as well as other biomedical applications, in view of their successful clinical performances for tumor therapy and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.

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