What is heterophile reaction?
Heterophile antibodies are antibodies induced by external antigens (heterophile antigens). Some cross-react with self-antigens. For example, in rheumatic fever, antibodies against group A streptococcal cell walls can also react with (and thus damage) human heart tissues. These are considered heterophile antibodies.
What does a Heterophile antibody do?
Heterophile antibodies are endogenous antibodies in human serum/plasma that may interfere with immunoassays resulting in false elevation, or rarely false depression of measured values.
Which test is an example of heterophile reaction?
[2] The monospot test is a latex agglutination test which utilizes equine erythrocytes as the primary substrate and tests for specific heterophile antibodies produced by the human immune system in response to EBV infection.
What is heterophile IgM?
The heterophile antibody is an immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody produced by infected B lymphocytes. It is not directed against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or EBV-infected cells, but it is a result of the infection and the subsequent transformation of the B cell to a plasmacytoid state.
What is heterophile specificity?
Heterophile antigens are antigens of similar nature, if not identical, that are present in different tissues in different biological species, classes or kingdoms. Usually different species have different antigen sets but the hetereophile antigen is shared by different species.
How does Heterophile antibody test work?
A sample of blood is placed on a microscope slide and mixed with other substances. If heterophil antibodies are present, the blood clumps (agglutinates). This result usually indicates a mono infection. Monospot testing can usually detect antibodies 2 to 9 weeks after a person is infected.
What are heterophile antibodies and how are they formed?
Heterophile antibodies are antibodies produced against poorly defined antigens. These are generally weak antibodies with multispecific activities. Human anti-animal antibodies that develop as a result of treatments with animal immunoglobulins are antibodies with strong avidities, produced against well-defined antigens.
What is an antigen simple definition?
(AN-tih-jen) Any substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance. Antigens include toxins, chemicals, bacteria, viruses, or other substances that come from outside the body.
What is antigen and antibody definition?
Antigens are molecules capable of stimulating an immune response. Each antigen has distinct surface features, or epitopes, resulting in specific responses. Antibodies (immunoglobins) are Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to exposure to antigens.
What is heterophile negative mononucleosis?
A negative test means there were no heterophile antibodies detected. Most of the time this means you do not have infectious mononucleosis. Sometimes, the test may be negative because it was done too soon (within 1 to 2 weeks) after the illness started.
How to test for heterophil antibodies?
Heterophile antibody test. The mononuclear spot test or monospot test, a form of the heterophile antibody test, is a rapid test for infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It is an improvement on the Paul–Bunnell test. The test is specific for heterophile antibodies produced by the human immune system in response…
What does heterophil antibody mean?
• HETEROPHIL ANTIBODY (noun) The noun HETEROPHIL ANTIBODY has 1 sense: 1. an antibody found in the blood of someone suffering from infectious mononucleosis. Familiarity information: HETEROPHIL ANTIBODY used as a noun is very rare.
What is the relationship between antigens and antibody?
One way to answer the question is to think an antibody is to an antigen like a hand is to a glove. Antigens are substances that stimulate antibody production and antibodies are produced in response to antigenic stimulation. The antibody is specific for the antigen like your hand is to your glove.
What is Rh antibodies?
The Rh antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the baby’s red blood cells. This can lead to hemolytic anemia (HEE-moh-lit-ick uh-NEE-me-uh) in the baby. Hemolytic anemia is a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of the body.