Does carbamazepine cause fetal hydantoin syndrome?
Fetal hydantoin syndrome, also called fetal dilantin syndrome is a group of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to the teratogenic effects of phenytoin or carbamazepine. Dilantin is the brand name of the drug phenytoin sodium in the United States, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy.
What drugs cause fetal hydantoin syndrome?
Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a characteristic pattern of mental and physical birth defects that results from maternal use of the anti-seizure (anticonvulsant) drug phenytoin (Dilantin) during pregnancy. The range and severity of associated abnormalities will vary greatly from one infant to another.
Is carbamazepine safe in pregnancy?
Answer: Similar to valproic acid, carbamazepine increases the risk of neural tube defects; however, it does not increase the risk of other malformations. Carbamazepine is also not associated with an increased risk of developmental delay.
Which anti epileptic drug has the least teratogenic potential?
Evidence of LMT’s teratogenicity remains uncertain, but the limited existing data suggest that LMT is less teratogenic than either valproic acid (VPA) or phenytoin (PHT), with respect to inducing structural abnormalities (Table 1) [1,25].
Which drug should be avoided in pregnancy?
Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) Herbs, minerals, amino acids, and regular vitamins. Isotretinoin (formerly sold as Accutane, now Absorica, Amnesteem, Claravis, Myorisan, Zenatane) taken for acne. Thalidomide (Thalomid) taken for a type of skin disease and multiple myeloma.
Is valproate safe in pregnancy?
Sodium valproate (Epilim) is contraindicated in pregnancy. Sodium valproate should not be used in women of child bearing potential unless other treatments are ineffective or not tolerated. The risk of congenital malformations in infants exposed to sodium valproate in utero has been estimated between 6 and 12%.
Is carbamazepine a teratogen?
Therefore, carbamazepine is considered a human teratogen as it leads to major and minor abnormalities in fetuses and babies such as developmental problems, abnormal IQ and growth retardation (32).
Does carbamazepine cause birth defects?
Along with valproic acid, carbamazepine might increase the risk for spina bifida (a major birth defect of the baby’s spine) and cleft palate (a birth defect of the baby’s mouth).
What is fetal carbamazepine syndrome?
Fetal carbamazepine syndrome is a drug-related embryofetopathy that can occur when an embryo/fetus is exposed to carbamazepine and that is characterized by facial dysmorphism, with some similarities to that seen in fetal valproate syndrome (see this term), such as epicanthal folds, upward slanting palpebral fissures.
Which epileptic drug is safe in pregnancy?
A review of the risks of major congenital malformations and of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes for antiepileptic drugs by the Commission on Human Medicines has confirmed that lamotrigine (Lamictal) and levetiracetam (Keppra) are the safer of the medicines reviewed during pregnancy.
Which drug produces teratogenicity?
Acne medication isotretinoin (Accutane, Retin-A). Alcohol ingested chronically or in binges. Androgens (male hormones). Antibiotics tetracycline (Achromycin), and doxycycline (Vibramycin), and streptomycin.
What is fetal hydantoin syndrome?
Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a characteristic pattern of mental and physical birth defects that results from maternal use of the anti-seizure (anticonvulsant) drug phenytoin (Dilantin) during pregnancy. The range and severity of associated abnormalities will vary greatly from one infant to another.
What are the effects of phenytoin on fetal fetus?
Maternal use of anti-seizure medications such as phenytoin, which is often used to treat epileptic seizures, can result in multiple effects on the developing embryo and fetus, including fetal hydantoin syndrome.
What is the drug of choice for hydantoin syndrome?
Phenytoin is often given with other anti-seizure drugs and other (adjunct) medications that may influence development of the disorder. Fetal hydantoin syndrome may be caused by a combination of specific genetic and environmental factors.
Does MTHFR gene mutation increase the risk of fetal hydantoin syndrome?
There have been reports in the medical literature that women with mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene are at an increased risk of having an infant with fetal hydantoin syndrome.