What are endogenous and exogenous antioxidants?

What are endogenous and exogenous antioxidants?

Redox control is primarily regulated by the inner antioxidant system. However, these endogenous antioxidants may be present at abnormal amounts or may be insufficient. Exogenous antioxidants obtained through the diet may have an important role, particularly in specific pathological conditions.

What are some endogenous antioxidants?

In this chapter, a brief updated description is made of the main endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione, lipoic acid, bilirubin, ferritin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, among others, as well as their participation in various pathological processes.

What are the types of antioxidants?

Flavonoids, flavones, catechins, polyphenols, and phytoestrogens are all types of antioxidants and phytonutrients, and they are all found in plant-based foods. Each antioxidant serves a different function and is not interchangeable with another. This is why it is important to have a varied diet.

How antioxidants actually help in scavenging free radicals?

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals by giving up some of their own electrons. In making this sacrifice, they act as a natural “off” switch for the free radicals. This helps break a chain reaction that can affect other molecules in the cell and other cells in the body.

Is Vitamin C an endogenous antioxidant?

Vitamin C is a primary antioxidant in that it directly neutralizes radical species. It is not very reactive with prevalent cellular oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and probably reacts mostly with hydrogen peroxide breakdown products [22].

How do exogenous antioxidants work?

9,34,36,37 Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants act interactively (e.g., synergistically) to maintain or re-establish redox homeostasis, such as during the regeneration of vitamin E by glutathione (GSH) or vitamin C to prevent lipid peroxidation processes,7 which can affect membrane fluidity and damage membrane …

How do you increase endogenous antioxidants?

10 Natural Ways to Increase Your Glutathione Levels

1. Glutathione is one of the body’s most important and potent antioxidants.
2. Consume Sulfur-Rich Foods.
3. Increase Your Vitamin C Intake.
4. Add Selenium-Rich Foods to Your Diet.
5. Eat Foods Naturally Rich in Glutathione.
6. Supplement With Whey Protein.
7. Consider Milk Thistle.

Where are antioxidants found?

Sources of antioxidants They are most abundant in fruits and vegetables, as well as other foods including nuts, wholegrains and some meats, poultry and fish. Good sources of specific antioxidants include: allium sulphur compounds – leeks, onions and garlic. anthocyanins – eggplant, grapes and berries.

Do antioxidants become free radicals?

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals by donating one of their own electrons, ending the electron “stealing” reaction. The antioxidant nutrients themselves don’t become free radicals by donating an electron because they are stable in either form.

What is exogenous antioxidant?

Exogenous antioxidants are antioxidants we get from our diet by eating antioxidant-rich foods and by taking supplements. Some well known examples of exogenous antioxidants are vitamins A, C and E.

What are endogenous antioxidants?

There are five extremely powerful endogenous antioxidants. They are: Glutathione (GSH), Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10).

What are antioxidants and what are the types of antioxidants?

There are two types of antioxidants: exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous antioxidants are antioxidants we get from our diet and endogenous antioxidants are made by our bodies.

Why is there continuous demand for exogenous antioxidants?

Therefore, there is continuous demand for exogenous antioxidants in order to prevent oxidative stress, representing a disequilibrium redox state in favor of oxidation.

What is the role of antioxidants in reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation?

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), at physiological levels, are essential for sperm function and fertilization. Under pathological conditions, abnormal production of ROS may occur. Redox control is primarily regulated by the inner antioxidant system. However, these endogenous antioxidants may be present at abnormal amounts or may be insufficient.