What is the refinery margin?
Refinery margins are a measure of the value contribution of the refinery per unit of input. Typically this is per barrel of crude oil processed, but it could also include other feedstocks as inputs.
How much natural gas does a refinery use?
Globally on average refineries consume 0.2 MMBTU/BBL of energy to convert crude oil to higher-value products. The analysis below looks into the oil refineries energy demand by configuration type on a regional basis. The analysis also calculates the fuel cost consumed by region.
Does natural gas go to a refinery?
Raw natural gas is commonly collected from a group of adjacent wells and is first processed in a separator vessels at that collection point for removal of free liquid water and natural gas condensate. The condensate is usually then transported to an oil refinery and the water is treated and disposed of as wastewater.
What are refinery yields?
Refinery yield (expressed as a percentage) represents the percent of finished product produced from input of crude oil and net input of unfinished oils. It is calculated by dividing the sum of crude oil and net unfinished input into the individual net production of finished products.
How much energy do refineries use?
Petroleum refineries use slightly over 3 x ~015 Btu of energy per year, a figure which represents about 4% of annual U. S. energy consumption and about 15% of annual industrial energy consumption.
Do refineries generate their own electricity?
Refiners technically have had the option of producing electricity from residual products for some time. This amounts to adding upgrading capacity to produce electricity rather than lighter products.
How much natural gas is left?
There are 6,923 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven gas reserves in the world as of 2017. The world has proven reserves equivalent to 52.3 times its annual consumption. This means it has about 52 years of gas left (at current consumption levels and excluding unproven reserves).
What gases are hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are molecules of carbon and hydrogen in various combinations. Hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs) are hydrocarbons that occur as gases at atmospheric pressure and as liquids under higher pressures. HGLs can also be liquefied by cooling.
How is refinery utilization rate calculated?
Refinery utilization rate: Represents the use of the atmospheric crude oil distillation units. The rate is calculated by dividing the gross input to these units by the operable refining capacity of the units.
How did refining margins compare between 2008 and 2009?
The average gross refining margin reported by the FRS companies in 2009 fell 38 percent compared with 2008 ( Table 13 ). The average price received for petroleum products in 2009 decreased almost $41 per barrel relative to the 2008 value, while raw materials and purchased product costs fell almost than $37 per barrel to $62.46.
What is the net refined product margin?
The net refined product margin (net margin) strongly correlates with profitability. 24 Examination of the components of the net margin usually illuminates the underlying reasons for changes in the profitability of U.S. refining/marketing operations. The net margin is the gross margin 25 minus operating costs per barrel of refined product sold.
What happened to refinery performance in 2009?
Upgrading of refinery capacity also continued in 2009, further expanding their ability to refine the lowest quality (and lowest cost) crude oils available and produce more highly-valued products. Despite these cost reduction and revenue maximization efforts, the FRS companies experienced the worst year in survey’s history.
What were the operating costs of refining and distillation in 2009?
Other operating costs related to refining decreased from $5.45 per barrel in 2008 to $4.52 per barrel in 2009 ( Table 14 ). Operating costs associated with compliance with the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 were mixed in 2009 relative to 2008, increasing for some companies and falling for others. 39