What is the tubercle of zuckerkandl?
Objective: The Tubercle of Zuckerkandl (TZ), which is the remant of the lateral thyroid process, is an important ana- tomic structure that serves as a reliable landmark for the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. The TZ was identified in 61.1% of all thyroid lobes. The median size was 8 mm (range = 3–40 mm).
Who is zuckerkandl’s tubercle named after?
In 1902, Emil Zuckerkandl (1849–1910), an Austrian anatomist described a protuberance which arises from the posterior border of thyroid lobes [1]. He named this protubarance as processus posterior glandulae thyroidea [2]. It is commonly seen as a thickening or a nodule in the posterior aspect of the gland.
Where is the tracheoesophageal groove?
3 Tracheoesophageal groove is the sulcus formed because of the abutment of the trachea anteriorly and esophagus posteriorly and is useful for identifying the RLN.
What is Ultimobranchial body?
The ultimobranchial body (UBB) is an outpocketing of the fourth pharyngeal pouch that fuses with the thyroid diverticulum, giving rise to calcitonin-producing C-cells.
Why does thyroid move with Deglutition?
The thyroid gland and all thyroid swelling move with the swallowing/deglutition because the thyroid is attached to the cartilage of the larynx by the suspensory ligament of Berry. Ligament of Berry also prevents the thyroid gland from sinking into the mediastinum.
What causes a tubercle?
Tuberculosis (TB) is an acute or chronic bacterial infection found most commonly in the lungs. The infection is spread like a cold, mainly through airborne droplets breathed into the air by a person infected with TB. The bacteria causes formation of small tissue masses called tubercles.
Where can I get a tubercle?
On a rib, tubercle is an eminence on the back surface, at the junction between the neck and the body of the rib. It consists of an articular and a non-articular area.
How do you fix a recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Methods of immediate intraoperative repair of the RLN include direct end-to-end anastomosis, free nerve graft anastomosis, ansa cervicalis to RLN anastomosis, vagus to RLN anastomosis, and primary interposition graft. Techniques of nerve repair include micro-suturing, use of fibrin glue, and nerve grafting.
What nerve is in the tracheoesophageal groove?
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve comes from the left vagus nerve, loops posteriorly around the arch of the aorta, and ascends in the tracheoesophageal groove posterior to the left lobe of the thyroid, where it enters the larynx and innervates the musculature in a similar fashion as the right nerve.
What is tubercle bacillus?
Definition of tubercle bacillus : a bacterium (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that is a major cause of tuberculosis : a bacterium of the genus Mycobacterium (M. tuberculosis) that causes tuberculosis in humans also : a related mycobacterium (M. bovis) that causes tuberculosis in cattle and sometimes humans especially in underdeveloped countries
What are the variants of human tubercle bacillus H37?
The H37strain of human tubercle bacillus has been dissociated into two variants,—the R, or avirulent, and the S, or virulent, variants. 2. When their dissociation is complete, colony morphology for each is distinctive and typical.
What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid.
What is the history of tuberculosis?
The tubercle bacillus discovered by Robert Koch in 1882 was termed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1886. This organism was later found to be only one of many acid fast bacilli, some of which caused diseases resembling tuberculosis in various animals and some lived freely as saprophytes.