What is wake turbulence separation?
Air Traffic Wake Turbulence Separations Separation is applied to aircraft operating directly behind a super or heavy at the same altitude or less than 1,000 feet below, and to small aircraft operating directly behind a B757 at the same altitude or less than 500 feet below: Heavy behind super – 6 miles.
How much separation shall be given for wake turbulence when a 747 is departing behind an Airbus A380?
The requirement is that a minimum of 5 nm shall be maintained between a Heavy (including A380-800) and any lower category aircraft which is following or crossing behind at the same level or less than 1000 ft below. No special longitudinal wake turbulence separations based on time are required.
What is the proper procedure to avoid wake turbulence?
Avoiding Wake Turbulence On Landing When following a larger aircraft on final approach, the key points the FAA recommends to avoid wake turbulence are: Stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final approach flight path. Note the touchdown point, and land beyond it.
How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?
How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip? Outward, upward, and around each tip. above and upwind from the heavy aircraft. These cause the vortices to remain longer in the touchdown area or drift forward farther down into the touchdown area.
Why does 757 wake turbulence?
“The 757 features a very efficient supercritical wing, which, during certain brief periods of flight during takeoff or landing, can produce a wake vortex stronger than that of a much larger Boeing 747 jumbo jet. Therefore, the [required] separation is longer than [for] other narrow-bodied airliners.”
How strong is wake turbulence?
Peak vortex speeds up to almost 300 feet per second have been recorded. The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is heavy-slow-clean since the turbulence from a “dirty” aircraft configuration hastens wake decay. b.
Why do airline pilots say heavy?
Thus, the term “heavy” (unlike light, medium and large) is included by heavy-class aircraft in radio transmissions around airports during take-off and landing, incorporated into the call sign, to warn other aircraft that they should leave additional separation to avoid this wake turbulence.
How does the wake turbulence vortex?
Wingtip vortices occur when a wing is generating lift. Air from below the wing is drawn around the wingtip into the region above the wing by the lower pressure above the wing, causing a vortex to trail from each wingtip. Wingtip vortices make up the primary and most dangerous component of wake turbulence.
Which is true with respect to vortex circulation in the wake turbulence generated by an aircraft?
Stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown. Which is true with respect to vortex circulation in the wake turbulence generated by an aircraft? The vortex strength is greatest when the generating aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow.
How long does it take for wake turbulence to dissipate?
approximately 3 minutes
Wake turbulence doesn’t last forever, and it begins dissipating as soon as it is produced by an airplane. According to the FAA, if you wait approximately 3 minutes after an aircraft takes off, it provides you enough margin to safely take off.
What are wake turbulence separation minima (Wasm)?
Wake turbulence separation minima are based on a grouping of aircraft types into categories, according to their maximum certificated take-off mass (MCTOM). The United Kingdom conforms, in general, to the ICAO standards on wake turbulence.
Is the mctom of an aircraft affected by wake turbulence?
However, experience at those UK aerodromes where an air traffic control service is provided and wake turbulence separation minima are applied, has shown that certain modifications to the relationship between the MCTOM of an aircraft and the wake turbulence separation are advisable for the safety of operations.
What is wake turbulence?
Wake Turbulence Every aircraft generates wake turbulence while in flight. Wake turbulence is a function of an aircraft producing lift, resulting in the formation of two counter-rotating vortices trailing behind the aircraft.
What is the pilot’s responsibility for separation and wake turbulence avoidance?
If a pilot accepts a clearance to visually follow a preceding aircraft, the pilot accepts responsibility for separation and wake turbulence avoidance.