What is the principle of ion chromatography?
Ion-exchange chromatography retains analyte molecules on the column based on coulombic (ionic) interactions. The ion exchange chromatography matrix consists of positively and negatively charged ions. Essentially, molecules undergo electrostatic interactions with opposite charges on the stationary phase matrix.
What is the principle of separation metal ion exchange chromatography?
Principle of Ion Exchange Chromatography The molecules separated on the basis of their charge are eluted using a solution of varying ionic strength. By passing such a solution through the column, highly selective separation of molecules according to their different charges takes place.
What is the mechanism of ion exchange chromatography?
Ion-exchange chromatography uses column packing material that has charge-bearing functional groups attached to a polymer matrix. The mechanism in this type of chromatography is the exchange of sample ions and mobile-phase ions with the charged group of the stationary phase.
What is ion chromatography analysis?
Ion chromatography (IC) is the separation and quantitative analysis of anions and cations in an ionic solution using the ion exchange method of liquid chromatography (LC). The amount of an anion/cation is measured by the change in conductivity as the species passes through the detector.
What type of detector is used in ion chromatography?
Conductivity detection is the standard detection method in ion chromatography. It is used to detect a wide range of analytes ranging from anions to cations to amines. The Metrohm conductivity detector “sees” all ionic components, making it the most widely used detector.
What is suppressor in ion chromatography?
The suppressor removes sodium ions in the eluent and changes sodium carbonate to carbonic acid with lower conductivity, allowing the background levels to decrease. In addition, the suppressor changes sodium ions (cations), to hydrogen ions with higher conductivity.
What is the role of suppressor in ion chromatography?
Why conductivity suppression is used in ion chromatography?
Conductivity Detection A Suppressor is a device placed between the column and the detector, and acts to reduce the background conductivity of the eluent and enhance the conductivity of the analytes. For anion analysis, the suppressor is a high capacity cation exchange membrane or resin in the acid form.
How does a conductivity detector work?
Thermal conductivity (TCD) is a commonly used detector in gas chromatography. TCD works by having two parallel tubes both containing gas and heating coils. Using this principle, a TCD senses the changes in the thermal conductivity of the column effluent and compares it to a reference flow of carrier gas.
What is the use of sodium bisulfite in water chlorination?
In water chlorination, sodium bisulfite is used to reduce the residual ‘chlorine’ which can have a negative impact on aquatic life. In organic chemistry, ” sodium bisulfite ” is used to form adducts with aldehyde and with certain cyclic ketones. These adducts are α-hydroxy sulfonic acids. This reaction is useful for the purification of aldehydes.
What is the chemical formula for bisulfite?
Chemical Formula. The bisulfite polyatomic ion has the formula HSO 3 -1 . The SO 3 component of this polyatomic ion is sulfite, and normally has a -2 charge. When a hydrogen ion (H +1) is added to the sulfite ion we get bisulfite, and its oxidation state changes to -1.
How do you read bisulfite treated DNA?
When the bisulfite-treated DNA is amplified via polymerase chain reaction, the uracil is amplified as thymine and the methylated cytosines are amplified as cytosine. DNA sequencing techniques are then used to read the sequence of the bisulfite-treated DNA.
Can the C in DNA be incorporated after bisulfite treatment?
Since the DNA has been bisulfite-treated, the C should not be incorporated (it should now be a T). However, if the bisulfite-treatment of the original DNA is not complete, then some signal will be gained here. This would indicate that some of the DNA was not fully converted.