What is toxicokinetic explain its relevance in toxicology?
Toxicokinetics is the generation of pharmacokinetic data as a part of various toxicity studies in order to assess systemic exposure. The measurement of peak and total exposure in these studies helps to determine the relationship between the toxicological effects and the exposure.
What is a toxicokinetic model?
Toxicokinetics is the mathematical description of the uptake and disposition of a chemical in the body. Toxicokinetic modeling is usually implemented by describing the time course of the amount or concentration of the parent substance and its metabolites in one or several body compartments.
What is a toxicokinetic study?
Toxicokinetics is defined as pharmacokinetic studies in animals during actual toxicity studies or under conditions mimicking them (species, duration, dose level, etc.). 2. Toxicology studies require toxicokinetics to check whether systemic exposure reflects administered dose.
What is toxicokinetic and Toxicodynamic?
Toxicokinetics describes how a toxicant (i.e., a poison) enters the body and reaches a target tissue. Toxicodynamics describes what happens to that tissue once the toxicant reaches an effective dose. Susceptibility to toxicants changes during development.
What is toxicokinetic data?
What is the difference between PK and TK?
PK is the abbreviation for pharmacokinetics. TK is the abbreviation for toxicokinetics. Pharmacokinetics generally deals with doses that are in a therapeutic range. Thus common dose ranges will include the no pharmacologic effect level on the low end, and the maximum pharmacologic effect level on the high end.
What is Tk modeling?
Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models (TKTD models) simulate the time-course of processes leading to toxic effects on organisms. Even for an apparently simple endpoint as survival, a large number of very different TKTD approaches exist.
What steps are involved in toxicokinetics?
Four processes are involved in toxicokinetics:
- Absorption — the substance enters the body.
- Distribution — the substance moves from the site of entry to other areas of the body.
- Biotransformation — the body changes (transforms) the substance into new chemicals (metabolites).
What is difference between PK and TK?
What happens to a toxicant after exposure?
KEY POINTS. Absorption is the transfer of a chemical from the site of exposure, usually an external or internal body surface, into the systemic circulation. Toxicants are removed from the systemic circulation by biotransformation, excretion, and storage at various sites in the body.
What is PK in biotech?
Pharmacokinetics (PK) describes what the human body does to a given pharmaceutical, from the time of administration to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion from the body.
Toxicokinetics Toxicokinetics is defined in ICH Guideline S3A as ‘the generation of pharmacokinetic data, either as an integral component in the conduct of non-clinical toxicity studies, or in specially designed supportive studies, in order to assess systemic exposure’. From:Drug Discovery and Development (Second Edition), 2013
What is toxicokinetics (TK)?
What is Toxicokinetics (TK)? Toxicokinetics (TK) is defined as the generation of pharmacokinetic (PK) data, either as an integral component in the conduct of nonclinical toxicity studies or in specifically designed supportive studies to assess systemic exposure.
What is the relationship between environmental exposure and toxicokinetic profile?
Toxicokinetic profiles can change with increasing exposure duration or dose. Real world environmental exposures generally occur as low level mixtures, such as from air, water, food, or tobacco products. Mixture effects may differ from individual chemical toxicokinetic profiles because of chemical interactions, synergistic, or competitive processes.
What are the different types of toxicokinetic models?
The three main approaches to the toxicokinetic portion of toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models are classical compartmental toxicokinetic models, noncompartmental toxicokinetic models, and physiologically based toxicokinetic models. Toxicodynamics refer to the quantitative description of the effects of a toxicant on a biological system.