Why is the posterior tibial pulse important?
The posterior tibial artery plays an important role in supplying blood and oxygen to the muscles and bones in the lower leg. It is a continuation of the popliteal artery, which directly connects to the femoral artery.
How do you find the origin and insertion of a muscle?
If the place is a bone that remains immobile for an action, the attachment is called an origin. If the place is on the bone that moves during the action, the attachment is called an insertion.
Which two arteries contribute to the dorsalis pedis?
The dorsalis pedis artery is predominantly a continuation of the anterior tibial artery, however, in a few cases it is completely absent and replaced by a perforating branch of the fibular (peroneal) artery.
What is the normal dorsalis pedis pulse?
The location of the left dorsalis pedis artery was a mean (SD) 9.8 (1.4) mm by palpation and 11.1 (2.1) mm by Doppler ultrasound from the dorsal most prominence of the navicular bone. The right dorsalis pedis artery was 10.4 (3.4) mm by palpation and 11.5 (0.7) mm from the dorsal most prominence of the navicular bone.
What is a dorsalis pedis pulse?
The dorsalis pedis pulse is palpable on the dorsum of the foot in the first intermetatarsal space just lateral to the extensor tendon of the great toe. The posterior tibial pulse can be felt behind and below the medial malleolus.
How are the 3 different types of muscle innervated?
Moreover, different types of muscle fibers are innervated by small and larger motor neurons. Small motor neurons innervate slow-twitch fibers; intermediate-sized motor neurons innervate fast-twitch, fatigue-resistant fibers; and large motor neurons innervate fast-twitch, fatigable muscle fibers.
What is neuronal innervation?
Innervation means “to supply nerves” or “to supply with energy” or “to stimulate.” When nerves embed themselves into muscle fiber, they “innervate” the muscle fibers. [2] This event usually occurs in the neuromuscular junctions and can be identified as simple contractions.
What does pedal pulses 1+ mean?
Zero refers to a nonpalpable pulse, 1+ is a barely detectable pulse, 2+ is slightly diminished but greater than 1+, 3+ is a normal pulse and should be easily palpable, and 4+ is “bounding” (e.g., stronger than normal).
What are the lumbrical muscles?
The lumbrical muscles (lumbricidae – Latin = earthworm) are four short hand muscles located in the metacarpus deep to the palmar fascia. These muscles are specially interesting because they do not attach to bone.
Where is the dorsalis pedis pulse?
Whereas the groove between the medial malleolus and the Achilles tendon more readily defines the location of the posterior tibial pulse, the location of the dorsalis pedis pulse remains vague. In this paper a novel method of locating the dorsalis pedis pulse by physical examination is described.
What are the lumbricals of the foot?
Lumbricals are the four small muscles found in the sole of the foot. Following the classification of plantar foot muscles into four layers (superficial to deep), the lumbricals and quadratus plantae comprise the second layer.
How are the lumbrical muscles of the hand numbered?
The lumbrical muscles of the hand are numbered 1-4 from the most radial/lateral to the most ulnar/medial. Each lumbrical muscle originates from one or two adjacent tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle.