What are lignocellulosic wastes?
Lignocellulose refers to plant dry matter (biomass), so called lignocellulosic biomass. Waste biomass is produced as a low value byproduct of various industrial sectors such as agriculture (corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, straw etc.) and forestry (saw mill and paper mill discards).
What are the three major components of lignocellulosic biomass?
Lignocellulosic Biomass Characteristics and Structure The major components of these materials are cellulose (35%–50%), hemicellulose (20%–35%), and lignin (10%–25%). The remaining fraction of lignocellulosic biomass includes proteins, oils, and ash (Peng et al., 2010).
What is lignocellulosic material used for?
Lignocellulosic materials including wood, agricultural, or forestry wastes are a mixture of natural polymers based on lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, and tannins with more than two hydroxyl groups per molecule, and can be used as polyols for polyurethane preparation [137].
Why do we use lignocellulosic waste in composting?
The use of lignocellulosic wastes or by-products as bulking agent will in general prolong the complete decomposition of all of the materials in the composting blend, as these bulking agents will degrade more slowly than other biological wastes, such as those of animal origin.
Where is lignocellulose biomass processed?
Lignocellulosic biomass processing pilot plants have been established in the EU, in Denmark, Spain and Sweden. The world’s largest demonstration facility of lignocellulose ethanol (from wheat, barley straw and corn stover), with a capacity of 2.5 Ml, was first established by Iogen Corporation in Ottawa, Canada.
How is lignocellulose used in papermaking?
Nowadays, the papermaking industry mainly uses the cellulose in lignocellulose, and makes use of various methods to remove the other components in the materials (such as hemicellulose and lignin), as a result of which the other components cannot be utilized, thereby generating waste.